Geneticists

We will be studying the Cepaea nemoralis italics snails to identify the possible reasons for the phenotypic variation in alleles no, the existence of different alleles explains the variation in phenotype  present in different habitats such as the shell colour and banding patterns. Using snails for this study has several advantages such as the fact that snails have a high degree of variation in their shell traits from band type; colour to shell size and phenotypic differences are easy to identify say something about the mapping of genotype onto phenotype . Also, the different shell patterns appear over short distance which makes it a suitable organism to study. The ways in which these snails adapt to different climates and environments through their phenotypic traits varies immensely allowing study the causes of how they evolve first you are getting ahead of yourself, this study is to evaluate the causes of geographic patterns. Second you need to explain that there are different explanations in the literature, and that no definitive conclusions has been reached . C.nemoralis occupies habitats such as woodlands, grasslands and shrubbery. Through using systematic sampling and a belt transect we will be collecting a total of 6 <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">samples in both the woodland and the grassland observing both the shell <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">colour and banding patterns. We will then analyse the data to investigate <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">which factors affect the variation of alleles. This will include 2 samples <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">in the woodland area and 2 samples in the shrubland .From our sampling, we aim <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">to investigate whether certain phenotypic traits are more prevalent in <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">certain environments. A random sampling technique will be used <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">at each of the locations. Quadrats will be set at suitable intervals and <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">samples will be taken randomly from within them. Carrying out this <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">sampling technique will ensure that as many samples as possible can be <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">collected and recorded and so it will increase the reliability of the <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">results.

you have talked about determining whether there are differences in the frequency of phenotypes, and hence alleles in different localities, but not how you would tell apart, for example, the effects of drift and selection - both of which could cause differences in the frequency of phenotypes between different localities.

<span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">Contributors: <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;"> Akhand Tahrima Rahim ( [[mailto:bt09215@qmul.ac.uk)|bt09215@qmul.ac.uk]] ) <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;"> Nirujah Sivarajah ( ef08274@qmul.ac.uk )  <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;"> Jekany Jenou Thiyagarajah ( ef08019@qmul.ac.uk )  <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;"> Nwabundo Dike ( ec09509@qmul.ac.uk )  <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;"> Emma Rengasamy ( bt09340@qmul.ac.uk )  <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;"> Gabriella Rochelle Landaw ( bt09202@qmul.ac.uk )