Adoration+R


 * __ J’adore Les escargot __**

This table shows individual jelly bean colour frequencies, however due to the similarity of green and yellow jelly beans, results may be subject to human error as either one could be mistaken for the other. It has a degrees of freedom of 20 which means that there are too many factors which will interfere with the accuracy of the results. This is the updated table that has grouped together green and yellow jelly beans to be recorded into one phenotype; by combining green and yellow the degrees of freedom is reduced to 15, and therefore makes the results more accurate.
 * || ** Black ** || ** Green ** || ** Orange ** || ** Red ** || ** Yellow ** || ** total ** ||
 * Grass || 4  ||  5  ||  7  ||  4  ||  0  ||  ** 20 **  ||
 * Shrub || 12  ||  3  ||  0  ||  0  ||  5  ||  ** 20 **  ||
 * Grass || 5  ||  7  ||  5  ||  2  ||  1  ||  ** 20 **  ||
 * Shrub || 5  ||  3  ||  0  ||  0  ||  12  ||  ** 20 **  ||
 * Grass || 7  ||  6  ||  3  ||  4  ||  0  ||  ** 20 **  ||
 * Shrub || 6  ||  7  ||  0  ||  0  ||  7  ||  ** 20 **  ||
 * ** Total ** || ** 39 **  ||  ** 31 **  ||  ** 15 **  ||  ** 10 **  ||  ** 25 **  ||  ** 120 **  ||
 * Grass || 7  ||  6  ||  3  ||  4  ||  0  ||  ** 20 **  ||
 * Shrub || 6  ||  7  ||  0  ||  0  ||  7  ||  ** 20 **  ||
 * ** Total ** || ** 39 **  ||  ** 31 **  ||  ** 15 **  ||  ** 10 **  ||  ** 25 **  ||  ** 120 **  ||
 * Shrub || 6  ||  7  ||  0  ||  0  ||  7  ||  ** 20 **  ||
 * ** Total ** || ** 39 **  ||  ** 31 **  ||  ** 15 **  ||  ** 10 **  ||  ** 25 **  ||  ** 120 **  ||
 * ** Total ** || ** 39 **  ||  ** 31 **  ||  ** 15 **  ||  ** 10 **  ||  ** 25 **  ||  ** 120 **  ||
 * ** Black ** || ** Green / Yellow ** || ** Orange ** || ** Red ** || ** total ** ||
 * 4 ||  5  ||  7  ||  4  ||  ** 20 **  ||
 * 12 ||  8  ||  0  ||  0  ||  ** 20 **  ||
 * 5 ||  8  ||  5  ||  2  ||  ** 20 **  ||
 * 5 ||  15  ||  0  ||  0  ||  ** 20 **  ||
 * 7 ||  6  ||  3  ||  4  ||  ** 20 **  ||
 * 6 ||  14  ||  0  ||  0  ||  ** 20 **  ||
 * ** 39 ** ||  ** 56 **  ||  ** 15 **  ||  ** 10 **  ||  ** 120 **  ||
 * 7 ||  6  ||  3  ||  4  ||  ** 20 **  ||
 * 6 ||  14  ||  0  ||  0  ||  ** 20 **  ||
 * ** 39 ** ||  ** 56 **  ||  ** 15 **  ||  ** 10 **  ||  ** 120 **  ||
 * 6 ||  14  ||  0  ||  0  ||  ** 20 **  ||
 * ** 39 ** ||  ** 56 **  ||  ** 15 **  ||  ** 10 **  ||  ** 120 **  ||
 * ** 39 ** ||  ** 56 **  ||  ** 15 **  ||  ** 10 **  ||  ** 120 **  ||


 * __ Results to show Variation __**
 * ** Grass 1 ** || ** B ** || ** Y&G ** || ** O ** || ** R ** || ** Total ** || ** P Value ** ||
 * O || 4 || 5 || 7 || 4 || 20 ||  ||
 * E || 6.5 || 6.5 || 6.5 || 6.5 || 20 ||  ||
 * O-E || -2.5 || 5 || 0.5 || -2.5 ||  ||   ||
 * (O-E)^2 || 6.25 || 5 || 0.25 || 6.25 || 24 ||  ||
 * (O-E)^2/E || 0.961538 || 5 || 0.038462 || 0.961538 || __ 6.961538462 __ || ** 0.958 ** ||
 * (O-E)^2/E || 0.961538 || 5 || 0.038462 || 0.961538 || __ 6.961538462 __ || ** 0.958 ** ||


 * ** Shrub 1 ** || ** B ** || ** Y&G ** || ** O ** || ** R ** || ** Total ** || ** P value ** ||
 * O || 12 || 8 || 0 || 0 || 20 ||  ||
 * E || 6.5 || 6.5 || 6.5 || 6.5 || 26 ||  ||
 * O-E || 5.5 || 1.5 || -6.5 || -6.5 ||  ||   ||
 * (O-E)^2 || 30.25 || 2.25 || 42.25 || 42.25 || 117 ||  ||
 * (O-E)^2/E || 4.653846154 || 0.346153846 || 6.5 || 6.5 || __ 18 __ || ** 0.2627 ** ||
 * (O-E)^2/E || 4.653846154 || 0.346153846 || 6.5 || 6.5 || __ 18 __ || ** 0.2627 ** ||


 * ** Grass 2 ** || ** B ** || ** Y&G ** || ** O ** || ** R ** || ** Total ** || ** P value ** ||
 * O || 5 || 8 || 5 || 2 || 20 ||  ||
 * E || 6.5 || 6.5 || 6.5 || 6.5 || 26 ||  ||
 * O-E || -1.5 || 1.5 || -1.5 || -4.5 || -6 ||  ||
 * (O-E)^2 || 2.25 || 2.25 || 2.25 || 20.25 || 27 ||  ||
 * (O-E)^2/E || 0.346154 || 0.346154 || 0.346154 || 3.115385 || __ 4.153846154 __ || ** 0.9972 ** ||
 * (O-E)^2/E || 0.346154 || 0.346154 || 0.346154 || 3.115385 || __ 4.153846154 __ || ** 0.9972 ** ||


 * ** Shrub 2 ** || ** B ** || ** Y&G ** || ** O ** || ** R ** || ** Total ** || ** P value ** ||
 * O || 5 || 15 || 0 || 0 || 20 ||  ||
 * E || 6.5 || 6.5 || 6.5 || 6.5 || 26 ||  ||
 * O-E || -1.5 || 8.5 || -6.5 || -6.5 || -6 ||  ||
 * (O-E)^2 || 2.25 || 72.25 || 42.25 || 42.25 || 159 ||  ||
 * (O-E)^2/E || 0.346153846 || 11.11538462 || 6.5 || 6.5 || __ 24.46153846 __ || ** 0.0577 ** ||
 * (O-E)^2/E || 0.346153846 || 11.11538462 || 6.5 || 6.5 || __ 24.46153846 __ || ** 0.0577 ** ||


 * ** Grass 3 ** || ** B ** || ** Y&G ** || ** O ** || ** R ** || ** Total ** || ** P value ** ||
 * O || 7 || 6 || 3 || 4 || 20 ||  ||
 * E || 6.5 || 6.5 || 6.5 || 6.5 || 26 ||  ||
 * O-E || 0.5 || -0.5 || -3.5 || -2.5 || -6 ||  ||
 * (O-E)^2 || 0.25 || 0.25 || 12.25 || 6.25 || 19 ||  ||
 * (O-E)^2/E || 0.038462 || 0.038462 || 1.884615 || 0.961538 || __ 2.923076923 __ || ** 0.9997 ** ||
 * (O-E)^2/E || 0.038462 || 0.038462 || 1.884615 || 0.961538 || __ 2.923076923 __ || ** 0.9997 ** ||


 * ** Shrub 3 ** || ** B ** || ** Y&G ** || ** O ** || ** R ** || ** Total ** || ** P Value ** ||
 * ||  ||   ||   ||   ||  0  ||   ||
 * O || 6  ||  14  ||  0  ||  0  ||  20  ||   ||
 * E || 6.5  ||  6.5  ||  6.5  ||  6.5  ||  26  ||   ||
 * O-E || -0.5  ||  7.5  ||  -6.5  ||  -6.5  ||  -6  ||   ||
 * (O-E)^2 || 0.25  ||  56.25  ||  42.25  ||  42.25  ||  141  ||   ||
 * (O-E)^2/E || 0.038461538  ||  8.653846154  ||  6.5  ||  6.5  ||  __ 21.69230769 __  ||  ** 0.1161 **  ||

From our immediate results you can see that the P values are >0.05. Therefore any differences between the sample phenotype frequencies are statistically insignificant. This would suggest that the Null hypothesis at this stage is proven to be correct, which means the force of drift upon the population is responsible for phenotype frequency differences within the sample. However it could be also down to sampling error.

=__**Results showing Genetic Drift**__=
 * ** Grass (total) ** || ** B ** || ** Y&G ** || ** O ** || ** R ** || ** Total ** ||
 * O || 16  ||  19  ||  15  ||  10  ||  60  ||
 * E || 5.333333  ||  6.333333  ||  5  ||  3.333333  ||  20  ||
 * O-E || -12  ||  -14  ||  -8  ||  -6  ||   ||
 * || -11  ||  -11  ||  -10  ||  -8  ||   ||
 * || -9  ||  -13  ||  -12  ||  -6  ||   ||
 * (O-E)^2 || 144  ||  196  ||  64  ||  36  ||   ||
 * || 121  ||  121  ||  100  ||  64  ||   ||
 * || 81  ||  169  ||  144  ||  36  ||   ||
 * (O-E)^2/E || 27  ||  30.94737  ||  12.8  ||  10.8  ||  81.54736842  ||
 * || 22.6875  ||  19.10526  ||  20  ||  19.2  ||  80.99276316  ||
 * || 15.1875  ||  26.68421  ||  28.8  ||  10.8  ||  81.47171053  ||
 * Total || 64.875  ||  76.73684  ||  61.6  ||  40.8  ||   ||
 * P Value || 0.0001  ||  0.0001  ||  0.0001  ||  0.0001  ||   ||

Our P values for the majority of the two tables are significant as they are under 0.05, this would suggest that the differences are likely due to selection and not by chance. However it is still possible it could be down to sampling error. However there were no "Orange" or "Red" phenotype jelly beans found in the schrub which would give the p value of 1.
 * ** Shrub(total) ** || ** B ** || ** Y&G ** || ** O ** || ** R ** || ** Total ** ||
 * O || 23  ||  37  ||  0  ||  0  ||  60  ||
 * E || 7.666666667  ||  12.33333333  ||  0  ||  0  ||  20  ||
 * O-E || -11  ||  -29  ||  0  ||  0  ||   ||
 * || -18  ||  -22  ||  0  ||  0  ||   ||
 * || -17  ||  -23  ||  0  ||  0  ||   ||
 * (O-E)^2 || 121  ||  841  ||  0  ||  0  ||   ||
 * || 324  ||  484  ||  0  ||  0  ||   ||
 * || 289  ||  529  ||  0  ||  0  ||   ||
 * (O-E)^2/E || 15.7826087  ||  68.18918919  ||  0  ||  0  ||  83.97179788  ||
 * || 42.26086957  ||  39.24324324  ||  0  ||  0  ||  81.50411281  ||
 * || 37.69565217  ||  42.89189189  ||  0  ||  0  ||  80.58754407  ||
 * Total || 95.73913043  ||  150.3243243  ||  0  ||  0  ||   ||
 * P Value || 0.0001  ||  0.0001  ||  1  ||  1  ||   ||

=__**Results showing** Gene-flow__= P values for the "Black" and "Red" phenotypes of the jelly beans suggests that the results are not significant, as they are higher than the 5% significance.Results such as this could be caused by sampling error or genetic drift and would show that gene-flow has no influence to those two phenotypes. However, the "Yellow & Green" and "Orange" phenotypes have a much lower value and being within the 5% significance showing that gene-flow influences the phenotypes "Yellow & Green" and "Orange".
 * || ** B ** || ** Y&G ** || ** O ** || ** R ** ||
 * Average Grass || 5.333333  ||  6.333333  ||  5  ||  3.333333  ||
 * Average Shrub || 7.666667  ||  12.33333  ||  0  ||  0  ||
 * Expected || 6.5  ||  9.333333  ||  2.5  ||  1.666667  ||
 * O-E || -1.16667  ||  -3  ||  2.5  ||  1.666667  ||
 * || 1.166667  ||  3  ||  -2.5  ||  -1.66667  ||
 * (O-E)^2 || 1.361112  ||  9.000001  ||  6.25  ||  2.777777  ||
 * || 1.852625  ||  81.00002  ||  39.0625  ||  7.716046  ||
 * (O-E)^2/E || 0.209402  ||  0.964286  ||  2.5  ||  1.666667  ||
 * || 0.285019  ||  8.678574  ||  15.625  ||  4.629628  ||
 * Chi^2 || 0.494421  ||  9.642859  ||  18.125  ||  6.296295  ||
 * P Value || 0.9201  ||  0.0219  ||  0.0004  ||  0.0981  ||
 * P Value || 0.9201  ||  0.0219  ||  0.0004  ||  0.0981  ||