Eg5+R

Grass Bush Grass Bush Grass Bush

1 Black Green Orange Red Yellow

5 9 4 1 1 2 Black Green Orange Red

3 8 6 3 3 Black Green Orange Yellow

8 9 2 1 4 Black Green Orange Red Yellow

4 5 3 3 5 5 Black Green Orange Yellow

8 6 4 2 6 Black Green Orange Yellow

6 8 4 2
 * || Population || Black || Green || Orange || Red || Yellow || **Total** ||
 * 1 || Grass || 5 || 9 || 4 || 1 || 1 || 20 ||
 * 2 || Bush || 3 || 8 || 6 || 3 || 0 || 20 ||
 * 3 || Grass || 8 || 9 || 2 || 0 || 1 || 20 ||
 * 4 || Bush || 4 || 5 || 3 || 3 || 5 || 20 ||
 * 5 || Grass || 8 || 6 || 4 || 0 || 2 || 20 ||
 * 6 || Bush || 6 || 8 || 4 || 0 || 2 || 20 ||
 * || **Total** || 34 || 45 || 23 || 7 || 11 || **120** ||


 * || Black || Green || Orange || Red || Yellow ||
 * **Expected value (E)** || 5.666 || 7.5 || 3.833 || 1.166 || 1.833 ||


 * Due to our knowledge of jelly babies we have decided to combine red with black and green with yellow because we feel they would be predated on very similarly. Also our expected values for red and yellow are very low therefore need to be combined.


 * The null hypothesis is that there will be no significant difference in the population frequencies between the different habitats.
 * We decided to compare the proportion of polymorphisms across our samples.
 * At a p value of 0.05, our null hypothesis will be true if we obtain a chi squared value which is greater than 0.05. However if the p value is equal to or less than to 0.05, it will suggest that our results will be significant.
 * || Population || Black + Red || Green + Yellow || Orange || Total ||
 * 1 || Grass || 6 || 10 || 4 || 20 ||
 * 2 || Bush || 6 || 8 || 6 || 20 ||
 * 3 || Grass || 8 || 10 || 2 || 20 ||
 * 4 || Bush || 7 || 10 || 3 || 20 ||
 * 5 || Grass || 8 || 8 || 4 || 20 ||
 * 6 || Bush || 6 || 10 || 4 || 20 ||
 * || Total || 41 || 56 || 23 || 120 ||


 * || Black + Red || Green + Yellow || Orange ||
 * **Expected Value (E)** || 6.833 || 9.333 || 3.833 ||


 * Now our expected values are significant enough for Chi square test


 * __Chi Square Test__**


 * All six populations: **
 * || Population || Black + Red || Green + Yellow || Orange || Total ||
 * X2 1 || Grass || 0.102 || 0.048 || 0.007 || 0.157 ||
 * X2 2 || Bush || 0.102 || 0.190 || 1.225 || 1.517 ||
 * X2 3 || Grass || 0.199 || 0.048 || 0.877 || 1.124 ||
 * X2 4 || Bush || 0.004 || 0.048 || 0.181 || 0.233 ||
 * X2 5 || Grass || 0.199 || 0.190 || 0.007 || 0.396 ||
 * X2 6 || Bush || 0.102 || 0.048 || 0.007 || 0.157 ||
 * || Total || 0.708 || 0.572 || 2.304 || **3.584** ||


 * Grass: **
 * || Population || Black + Red || Green + Yellow || Orange || Total ||
 * 1 || Grass || 6 || 10 || 4 || 20 ||
 * 3 || Grass || 8 || 10 || 2 || 20 ||
 * 5 || Grass || 8 || 8 || 4 || 20 ||
 * || Total || 22 || 28 || 10 ||  ||


 * || Black + Red || Green + Yellow || Orange ||
 * **Expected Value (E)** || 7.333 || 9.333 || 3.333 ||


 * || Population || Black + Red || Green + Yellow || Orange || Total ||
 * X2 1 || Grass || 0.242 || 0.048 || 0.133 || 0.423 ||
 * X2 3 || Grass || 0.061 || 0.048 || 0.533 || 0.642 ||
 * X2 5 || Grass || 0.061 || 0.190 || 0.133 || 0.384 ||
 * || Total || 0.364 || 0.286 || 0.799 || **1.449** ||


 * **DF** || 4 ||
 * **Critical Value (0.05)** || 9.488 ||
 * **Chi Squared value** || 1.449 ||
 * The chi squared value of 1.449, is significantly lower than the critical value of 9.488 therefore we can accept the null hypothesis which is that the difference in allele frequencies is not significant between populations. therefore the polymorphism of snails may be attributed to selection.


 * Bush: **
 * || Population || Black + Red || Green + Yellow || Orange || Total ||
 * 2 || Bush || 6 || 8 || 6 || 20 ||
 * 4 || Bush || 7 || 10 || 3 || 20 ||
 * 6 || Bush || 6 || 10 || 4 || 20 ||
 * || Total || 19 || 28 || 13 ||  ||


 * || Black + Red || Green + Yellow || Orange ||
 * **Expected Value (E)** || 6.333 || 9.333 || 4.333 ||


 * || Population || Black + Red || Green + Yellow || Orange || Total ||
 * 2 || Bush || 0.018 || 0.190 || 0.641 || 0.849 ||
 * 4 || Bush || 0.070 || 0.048 || 0.410 || 0.528 ||
 * 6 || Bush || 0.018 || 0.048 || 0.026 || 0.092 ||
 * || Total || 0.106 || 0.286 || 1.077 || **1.469** ||


 * **DF** || 4 ||
 * **Critical Value (0.05)** || 9.488 ||
 * **Chi Squared value** || 1.469 ||


 * Our chi squared value of 1.469 is significantly lower than our critical value of 9.488 and therefore we can conclude that our null hypothesis can be accepted. Our null hypothesis suggests that the allele frequencies are not significant between populations.